Similarly, Gwalchmai ap Meilyr praised Madog ap Maredudd, king of Powys (d. He describes Gruffudd as having eissor Medrawd ("the nature of Medrawd") as to have valour in battle. Meilyr Brydydd, writing at the same time as Geoffrey of Monmouth, mentions Mordred in his lament for the death of Gruffudd ap Cynan (d. The Annales themselves were completed between 960 and 970, meaning that (although their authors likely drew from older material ) they cannot be considered as a contemporary source having been compiled 400 years after the events they describe. As noted by Leslie Alcock, the reader assumes this in the light of later tradition. This brief entry gives no information as to whether Mordred killed or was killed by Arthur, or even if he was fighting against him. "The strife of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut fell." Gueith Camlann in qua Arthur et Medraut corruerunt. The earliest surviving mention of Mordred (referred to as Medraut) is found in an entry for the year 537 in the chronicle Annales Cambriae ( The Annals of Wales), which references his name in an association with the Battle of Camlann. It may be ultimately derived from Latin Moderātus, meaning "within bounds, observing moderation, moderate" with some influence from Latin mors, death. The name Mordred, found as the Latinised Modredus in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, comes from Old Welsh Medraut (comparable to Old Cornish Modred and Old Breton Modrot). In this narrative, he eventually becomes the main actor in Arthur's downfall: he helps his half-brother Agravain to expose the affair between Guinevere and Lancelot, and then takes advantage of the resulting civil war to make himself the high king of Britain. In a popular telling originating from the French chivalric romances of the 13th century, and made prominent today through its inclusion in Le Morte d'Arthur, Mordred is knighted by Arthur and joins the fellowship of the Round Table. Mordred is usually a brother or half-brother to Gawain however, his other family relations, as well as his relationships with Arthur's wife Guinevere, vary greatly. The accounts presented in the Historia and most other versions include Mordred's death at Camlann, typically in a final duel, during which he manages to mortally wound his slayer, Arthur. Later variants most often characterised him as Arthur's villainous bastard son, born of an incestuous relationship with his half-sister, the Queen of Orkney named either Anna, Orcades, or Morgause. His figure seemed to have been regarded positively in the early Welsh tradition and may have been related to that of Arthur's son.Īs Modredus, Mordred was depicted as Arthur's traitorous nephew and a legitimate son of King Lot in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudo-historical work Historia Regum Britanniae which then served as the basis for the following evolution of the legend since the 12th century. The earliest known mention of a possibly historical Medraut is in the Welsh chronicle Annales Cambriae, wherein he and Arthur are ambiguously associated with the Battle of Camlann in a brief entry for the year 537. Mordred or Modred ( / ˈ m oʊ d r ɛ d/ Welsh: Medraut or Medrawt) is a figure who is variously portrayed in the legend of King Arthur.
Usurper high king of Britain (a prince of Orkney and a knight of the Round Table in later tradition)īrothers: Gawain often also Agravain, Gaheris and Gareth
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